About Music 253
This two-quarter sequence, offered yearly in the winter and spring quarters, is devoted to understanding symbolic musical information as it is used in different application domains (Mus 253/CS 275A) and providing an in-depth experience with data representations for musical analysis, or a related research questions (Mus 254).
Musical information (Mus 253) examines diverse applications in printing, sound, and analysis of music. Many systems of music representation are tailored to a specific application domain. A basic understanding of the nature of music representation facilitates rapid learning of new notation and sound software, as well as conversion of musical data between applications. It also forms a solid foundation for the development of research projects involving music query, analysis, and style simulation which are topics covered in Mus 254.
Mus 253 can be taken for two to four credits. Students taking the course for two credits are expected to attend the regular class sessions and they can attend and do homework for at least two of the three segments of the class: (1) Music Notation, (2) MIDI, or (3) music analysis applications. Auditors are welcome, see the syllabus for the schedule of topics (times special lectures are given in parentheses).
Download listing of Course Credit Options (.pdf)
Course Time & Location
Course Time: Wednesdays and Fridays 10:00 am - 11:50 am
Braun Music Center, Room 128/9
Instructors
Eleanor Selfridge-Field (esfield/at/stanford.edu) - instructor
Craig Sapp (craig/at/ccrma.stanford.edu) - TA
Don Anthony (ccarh/at/ccrma.stanford.edu) - SCORE expert
Textbook
Beyond MIDI: The Handbook of Musical Codes, ed. Eleanor Selfridge-Field (The MIT Press, 1997).
A copy of the Textbook is available in the Lab, but also is available for home use from the Stanford Book Store and other on-line bookstores:
- Amazon.com
- MIT Press
Prerequisites
This course sequence is designed for graduate students and upper-level undergraduate students. A basic knowledge of music theory is advisable (equivalent to Mus 19) and the ability to read music in at least one clef is required. Auditors are also welcome; enrolled students are given priority access to computers in the Braun lab (#128). Completion of the first quarter of the sequence is normally a prerequisite for the second quarter (Music 254).
Schedule
Week 1: Basics of Music Representation: Jan. 7, 9
- Samples of music encoding schemes (ESF)
- Purposes of encoding music (ESF)
- Visualizing music (ESF)
- Malinowski's Music Animation Machine (c. 1986); examples
- Ref. R. Segnini and C. Sapp, "Scoregram: Displaying Gross Timbre Information from a Score" (2005)
- Sapp, C. S., "Visual Hierarchical Key Analysis" (2005)
- Sapp's Tonal Harmony Keyscapes (2001)
cf. CHARM Mazurka Project (2006)
- Bent's paradox: "Music exists online in sound... but sound is its least stable element." (Early Music, 1992)
- Ref. E. Selfridge-Field, Beyond MIDI, Ch. 1 (Describing Musical Information)
- Lab
- Survey of Encoding Formats view in Adobe Reader
- Individual pages Preview compatible: 1, 2, 3, 4
- "Rosetta Stone" of encoding methods
- Links
- Music Animation Machine
- Essen Associative Code (folksongs)
- Guido Music Notation Format Homepage
- Guido Noteserver
- Homework for Week 1:
- Assignment 1: Invent your own music representation scheme
- Read Chapter 1 from Beyond Midi either from the text version or from the online version available here.
- Read Chapters 33, 34 from Beyond Midi pp. 565-580 (Recommended)
- Assignment 2 (Lab): GUIDO music notation
- Student presentations: "My First Musical-Representation-System"
- Musical data resources: .doc, .pdf
- Searching musical databases (Themefinder) (ESF)
- Authorship, editions, and copyright issues (ESF)
- .eps examples from Beyond MIDI: ex1-1.eps,
ex1-2.eps,
ex1-3.eps,
ex1-4.eps,
ex1-5b.eps,
ex1-6.eps,
ex28-1.eps,
figA2-1.eps
- Notation Softwares: Finale, Sibelius, et. al.
- Commercial Notation Software overview
- Finale: User Interface Basics (Craig)
- Finale user input mode: Simple, Speedy, and Real-time (Craig)
- Sibelius first look (Michael)
- Homework for Week 2:
- Assignment 3: Finale data entry lab (Craig) (due 1/31-2/1/07)
- ** Turn in written explanation of our Assignment #1 Musical representation system if you have not already turned this in.
- Extra-fun suggested/optional readings: Ref. Silas Brown: Braille Musical Notation and/or Beyond MIDI: chpts 22, 23 "Musical Notation Codes (4) Braille pp. 321.339 (misc. system)
Week 3: Data Acquisition (Input) and Interchange: MusicXML and SharpEye: Jan. 21, 23
- Optical music recognition (ESF/DA)
- For class: Data Examples
- Data transport: SCORE>Finale; SharpEye>Finale>MuseData
- XML & MusicXML data format basics (Craig)
- W3 XML (Extensible Markup Language)
- "MusicXML" - www.recordare.com
- "MusiXML"
- XML and Music overview of efforts
- Music Encoding Initiative
- CMME Project: Early Music electronic publication formats
- Other OCR Projects
- Gamera Project (Peabody/Johns Hopkins): http://ldp.library.jhu.edu/projects/gamera/
- Gamera old demo page: OCR Demo
- MusicXML encoding: Mozart Piano Sonata K.457: MusixXML_Moz457-esf.pdf
- Ref. Beyond MIDI: Ch. 27 (MuseData)
- SCORE Handouts:
- Score Survival Guide: .doc, .pdf
- Craig's Score Presentation: .ppt (PowerPoint)
- Braille Music Notation Handout: braillemusicnotation.pdf
- Homework for Week 3:
- Assignment 4: SharpEye/MusicXML Lab (Craig)
- Read Craig's SCORE handout
- Score User Basics Sheet
Week 4: SCORE (1): User Input: Jan. 28, 30
- SCORE official homepage, Leland Smith's Bio
- Craig Sapp's SCORE run-through document: .pdf, .doc
- Ref. Beyond MIDI, Ch. 19 (SCORE)
- SCORE data entry system. See Hints on Assignments 5
- Relationship of MusicXML to MuseData (CCARH)
- Assignment 5: SCORE user input Lab Preliminary exercises 1-6 (written assignment); SCORE input lab Nos. 1-4
- Useful SCORE commands:
- lj = line up/justify
- pa = path
- re = read
- rs = restart
- Score Introduction.doc
- Score Modes.doc
- Score Fine adjustments.doc
- Score Basics.doc
- MuseData Overview.doc
- MuseData to Finale.doc
- Scan to MuseData via Finale.doc
- MuseData File Sample.doc
- The CCARH, MuseData, Music Representation
- SAX: Simple XML-Parser
- DOM: Document Object Model
- Digester
- Homework for Week 4:
- SCORE Input Exercises - due: Wed. Feb 6 (if possible; Friday if necessary)
Walter Hewlett Lecture:
Music XML Links:
- "Edit Mode In Score" Handout: .pdf, .doc
- "Score Internal Data" Slides: SCOREInternalData-6up.pdf
- Assignment 6: SCORE Homework 2 (Hints)
- A Base-40 Number-line Representation of Musical Pitch Notation
- Musical Information in Musicology and Desktop Publishing
- Format specification for MuseData Stage 2 source files, Version 4.00 (3 May 2003).
- DataBases of Musical Information, (Third Draft, Janurary 1995)
- SCORE Parameter Overview
- Code 1: Note Parameters
- Code 5: Slur Parameters
- Score Parameter Example: .doc,.pdf
- Do example 5 from SCORE Homework 1, plus 3 examples from new sheet
- http://www.ccarh.org/courses/253/lab/scoreset2/
- Max Mathews Lecture: Foundations of Computer Music
- Homework for Week 4:
CCARH Reprints:
SCORE Code Parameter sheets
More SCORE Docs
Week 6: SCORE + MIDI/Base-40 Representations: Feb. 13, 15 Week 6: MuseData, more SCORE: Feb. 13, 15
- MuseData (Eleanor)
- SCORE odds and ends (Craig)
- SCORE => Finale conversion (hands on in lab; Craig)
- Data Translation processes: SCORE -> Finale -> MIDI -> ... :
- CPE Bach Files: directory
- Finale MIDI Import Preferences: .doc, .pdf
- Sonification of Movement data: LabanWriter, Laban Notation
- SCORE 2 due
Week 7 Introduction to MIDI/Hewlett method of Base-40 representation: Feb 20, 22 Week 7 Introduction to MIDI/MIDI Special Subjects: Feb 20, 22
- Wed. Feb. 20: Intro to MIDI (Eleanor); use MIDI files to produce notation in Finale or Sibelius (hands on in class, Craig)
- Fri. Feb. 22: MIDI special subjects (Craig); introduce MIDI tools on web
- Introduction to MIDI Lab
- Basic Midi Programming
- Raw Midi Data
- Midi Communication Protocol
- Outline of the Standard MIDI File Structure
- MIDI File Variable Length Values
- General MIDI Instruments
- MIDI Byle Table
- A Roadmap of the MIDI Byte
- twinklehex.pdf -- An example MIDI file in ASCII hexadecimal format which contains the melody Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star [twinkle.mid].
- Music Creator Pro
- Base-40 (Eleanor/Walter)
- Hexadecimal Numbers
- bytelist.pdf
- Midiprotocol
- Walter Hewlett lecture:
- Base-40 (units per octave) system for number-line/integer representation of pitch in tonal music
-
Joyce Hatto: The Greatest Pianist That Never Was?
- A summary of current developments in the Joyce Hatto plagarism story - "The true hoax that was uncovered here is that the media can be manipulated like puppets." - C. Sapp
- CHARM: Joyce Hatto's Mazurkas: Who was playing the piano?
- Purely coincidental? Joyce Hatto and Chopin's Mazurkas
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joyce_Hatto
- More Joyce Hatto links...
- 2/22/07 - Time Magazine: Of Concertos and Copyrights
- 2/21/07 - "My wife's virtuoso recordings are genuine"
- 2/19/07 - "iTunes and Gracenote help expose classical plagiarism"
- 2/19/07 - Audio Link: Murray Khouri : Hatto Recordings Counterfeit?
- 2/18/07 - "Pianist's virtuosity is called into question"
- 7/28/08 - Joyce Hatto Obituary
- Front Row arts news show on BBC Radio 4 (audio .mp4)
Homework for Week 7:
Week 8: KERN and the Humdrum toolkit: Feb 27, 29 Week 8: More MIDI: The Mathews Radio Baton: Feb 27, 29
- Demo of the Radio Baton by Max Mathews
- Discussion regarding Mathews MIDI extensions/use of MIDI with the Baton
- Craig's "Standard Midi Structure" Document: midifiles-20080227-2up.pdf
- MIDI Specification document:
- Standard Midi Format
- Extending MIDI (esf): Expressive MIDI, Radio Baton, Base-40, Director Musiques
- David Huron's HUMDRUM website
- Perry Roland's HUMDRUM website
- Perry Roland's proposed mapping of musical symbols onto Unicode
Homework for Week 8:
Week 5: SCORE (2): Parameters for Printing
- SCORE code items and parameter settings. See Hints on Assignment 7
- MuseData>SCORE conversion (Walter Hewlett)
- Assignment 7: SCORE parameter lab
Week 6: SCORE, Music V and MIDI
- Score parameters (2)
- Score and MIDI
- Score and Music V (Max Mathews)
- Conducting MIDI on the radio baton (MVM)
- Ref. Beyond MIDI, Ch. 2 (Standard MIDI Files)
- MIDI protocol
- Raw MIDI data
- Standard MIDI Files
- Assignment 8: Cakewalk/Music Creator Pro Lab (TBA)
Week 8: MIDI Extensions (and Limitations)
- Performance data vs. notation data
- Music transcription and transposition
- Proposed extensions to MIDI
- Ref. Beyond MIDI, Chs. 3-6 (MIDI Extensions)
- MIDIPlus (Walter Hewlett)
Week 9: Humdrum: Tools for Musical-Data Analysis: Mar. 5, 7
- Ref. Beyond MIDI, Ch. 26 (Humdrum)
- The **kern data representation scheme
- data examples: 01b.txt, practice01b.txt
- Humdrum_Kern_Websites.pdf
- Humdrum_Unix_08.pdf
- Kern_crib08.pdf
- Kern_crib_color08.pdf
- David Huron's Humdrum Toolkit homepage
- Command Reference Guide [= Book I of printed documentation]
- Humdrum User Guide [=Book II of printed documentation]
- Preliminary exercises and assignments given at OSU
- Craig Sapp's KernScores website
- MuseData translations are also at http://www.musedata.org
- Perry Roland's Humdrum site
- humdrumidi.pdf: Humdrum midi instrument listing
- NOTE: To access data on the CCARH server you will need to use the unix secure copy command: ssh ccarh@ccarh-lab-2.stanford.edu
- Assignment 9: due Wed.
Eleanor's class documents:
Native **kern data and MuseData translated to the **kern format:
Week 10: Humdrum Applications: Mar. 12, 14
- Music Representation: Review
- Lab: Musical Dice Game
- Take-home final: Due by 11:00 p.m./TBD